Halloween, also known as All Hallows’ Eve, is celebrated all around the world on October 31. It has its roots in an ancient Celtic festival called Samhain. In simple terms, Samhain was a fun festival that celebrated the changing seasons from light to dark, or in other words, from summer to winter. Today, Halloween is a time for kids to dress up in silly costumes, carve pumpkins into funny faces, and go trick-or-treating for candy! It’s all about having a spooky good time and enjoying the thrill of the season!

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your social studies mini spark recording page: #31: Halloween History

2. Read this short article about the history of Halloween. On your recording page, explain the origin of the jack-o-lantern.

3. Read this article about the history of costumes.  Why did people start wearing costumes? Starting with the 1930s record a sentence or two explaining what the costumes were like for each of the decades that are listed.

4. Study this graphic organizer from Visual Capitalist. What are some possible reasons for trends or popular costume choices? Use information from this image to support your idea.

5. Pumpkins are a favorite at Halloween time. Watch this short clip and write 3 sentences  about how the characters are able to express emotions without any words.

6. Watch this newscast about a pumpkin that holds the world record for size.  What types of preparation do the farmers need to do to grow these giant pumpkins.

7. Share your social studies mini spark recording page with your teacher/EY coordinator.

We’ve all heard the legend of Betsy Ross. But, who created and designed our current American flag? Believe it or not, the designer was a 17-year-old boy from Lancaster, Ohio, who did it for a school assignment!

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your social studies mini spark recording page: #30: Fifty Stars!

2. Read this interview from the person who designed our current flag. Summarize the articles in two sentences.

3. Look at this webpage that shows the dates when states were admitted to the union.   Calculate the math to find out how old 5 different states are right now.  Make a tiny visual showing the states and the current ages.

4. How would you design a flag if we were to add a 51st state? Perhaps Puerto Rico? Draw a design for an American flag that includes 51 stars. Take a picture of your design and add it to your recording page.

5. Turn your social studies mini spark into your teacher/EY coordinator.

Source: https://www.guideposts.org/better-living/positive-living/inspired-to-create-a-grand-new-flag

NEW Wonders of the World? Does that mean they were built in the last few years? NO! It just means they’re different from the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World. The new Wonders could be anything built before the year 2000!

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your social studies mini spark recording page: #29: The NEW Seven Wonders of the World

2. What ARE the NEW Wonders of the World? WONDEROPOLIS knows! Read this article.  Write a 3 question quiz using the information from the article. Include an answer key.

3. Research each wonder at Britannica. For each wonder make a bullet list with at least 3 details.

4. Look over the list of all of the places in the world that were considered to be the NEW wonders of the world. Choose one of the places to learn more about. Click on it and read the fact page. Write about the wonder runner up you picked and include 3-4 details about why it would be a good 8th wonder.

5. Share your social studies mini spark recording page with your teacher/EY coordinator.

Check out the 7 wonders badge at the EY webpage.

Egypt, an ancient and fascinating land, is known for its pyramids, the Nile River, and the pharaohs who ruled.

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your Social Studies Mini Spark recording page: #28: Egypt
2. Read this teaching page about Ancient Egypt from National Geographic Kids. Make a tiny info page about the pharaohs on your recording page. 
3. Read this fact page about Egypt.  Find 5-8 facts that are interesting to you to record on your recording page.
4. Look over this map of Egypt. On your recording page write the names of 3 of each of the following items: cities, neighboring countries. bodies of water. Record what you notice about where the majority of the cities are located.
5. Share your Social Studies mini spark recording page with your teacher or EY Coordinator.

In 1879, the United States made Washington’s February 22nd Birthday a federal holiday. Today, the third Monday in February is frequently referred to as “Presidents’ Day.” So which is it? Let’s get to the bottom of what’s official and what’s not.

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your social studies mini spark recording page: #27: Presidents’ Day? The Truth Behind the Holiday

2.

According to mountvernon.org, George Washington was a humble man who did not enjoy flashy celebrations. During his lifetime, Washington didn’t really celebrate his birthday, choosing instead to use the day to respond to letters or attend to matters at Mount Vernon. However, national celebration of his birthday began while he was alive and continued after his death.

The road to what the majority of people in the United States now recognizes as Presidents’ Day is a long and confusing one. After Washington died in 1799, his birthday was informally celebrated across the country. But, it wasn’t until  January 31, 1879, that Washington’s birthday became a federally recognized holiday.

Washington’s birthday is also recognized in another unique fashion. Starting in 1896, it has become a tradition to read Washington’s Farewell Address on February 22nd (the actual day of his birth) in the US Senate by a current member. This tradition reminds us of a man whose patriotic spirit still inspires us to this day, particularly federal workers who uphold what he helped create.

On June 28th, 1968, Congress passed the “Uniform Monday Holiday Act”. This law aimed to provide uniform annual observances of certain legal public holidays on Mondays. The act was also created to provide federal employees with more three-day weekends. Under this new law, Washington’s birthday would be celebrated on the third Monday of February, partially losing the value and identity of the importance of his birthday. Washington’s birthday has not been celebrated on the actual day of his birth since the law took effect in 1971.

Today the nation typically combines Washington’s Birthday with Presidents’ Day, celebrating both days on the third Monday in February. However, Presidents’ Day is not the official name of the holiday. While the name “Presidents’ Day” was proposed for this Monday holiday in 1951, the U.S. government never officially changed the name. In the 1980s, thanks to advertising campaigns for holiday sales, the term became popularized and largely accepted.

The idea behind the name was to create a holiday that did not recognize a specific president, but rather celebrated the office of the presidency. This joint recognition would also celebrate President Lincoln’s February 12th birthday within the same period. Both great men, both important to our country.

Source: mountvernon.org

The Famous Holiday of Love, Valentine’s Day is a holiday celebrated around the world. Some countries celebrate this day in February, but not all.  Learn about the holiday along with history of chocolate in this mini spark.

Spark your thinking!

What is the Winter Solstice? According to Dictionary.com the Winter Solstice lasts for just one moment. It occurs exactly when the Earth’s axial tilt is farthest away from the sun. This usually happens around December 21 or 22 in the Northern Hemisphere or June 20 or 21 in the Southern Hemisphere.

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your social studies mini spark recording page: #25: Winter Solstice

2. Read these 3 paragraphs. Write a  5 question quiz after reading.  Include multiple choice , true and false, and short answer questions. Make an answer key as well.

If you’re in the Northern Hemisphere, during the solstice the sun will be at its southernmost point in the sky. The higher in latitude you are, the more you’ll notice that the solstice has the shortest day and longest night of the year.

In ancient cultures around the globe, the winter solstice was marked with ceremonies and celebrations. For example, in the days of the Inca Empire the winter solstice was honored with Inti Raymi, or Festival of the Sun. It involved a ceremony in which an Inca priest would “tie” the sun to a column stone in a symbolic effort to keep it from escaping.

Halfway around the world, indigenous people in Finland, Sweden, and Norway participated in the Beiwe Festival. On the winter solstice, worshippers honored the goddess Beiwe by sacrificing white female animals and covering their doorposts with butter for Beiwe to eat on her travels.

3. Watch this video and choose 5 of the questions to answer thoughtfully. Remind your teacher that that answers can be found in the social studies mini spark folder.

1. Describe what would happen to our planet if it did not tilt as it revolves around the Sun.

2. Explain how the tilt of the Earth affects the length of days in the northern and southern hemispheres during winter.

3. What are solstices, and how do they mark the change in seasons?

4. Discuss how civilizations in history, like the Babylonians and Maya, recognized the patterns of Earth’s movement around the Sun.

5. How does the experience of seasons differ for someone living near the equator compared to someone living near the poles?

6. Why might the changing lengths of days and nights be considered important by ancient civilizations?

7. In your opinion, why is it essential for us to understand the relationship between the Earth and the Sun?

8. Describe how the Earth’s movement around the Sun can provide reassurance during the coldest nights of winter.

4. Share your social studies mini spark recording page with your teacher/EY coordinator.

Almost 70 miles west of Key West lies Dry Tortugas National Park. This 100-square mile park is mostly open water with seven small islands.  You can only get there by boat or seaplane! The park is known all over the world as the home of magnificent Fort Jefferson, beautiful blue waters, lots of coral reefs and marine life, and the tons of bird life that visit the area!

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your Social Studies  mini spark recording page #24: Dry Tortugas National Park

2. Read this information page about Dry Tortugas National Park. Record several details about the park on your recording sheet.

3.  Watch this video and respond to these questions:  Describe the design features of Fort Jefferson that make it unique compared to other forts? What types of wildlife can be found in the Dry Tortugas, specifically on Hospital Key?
Why is Loggerhead Key important for turtle nesting, and what historical events took place there

4. There are around 300 shipwrecks in this area. Read this teaching page about the Windjammer Wreck. Take number notes while reading. Reminder: Number notes are recording all of the number facts/details that you come across in an article.

5. Share your social studies mini spark recording page with your teacher/EY coordinator.

It is always a good time to learn more about Geography. Study this geography lesson which is all about Oceans.

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your social studies spark recording page: #23: Geography Lesson: Oceans

2.  Watch this video all of the way through.   Record the mnemonic on your recording page.

3. Read the article Ocean Habitat  at National Geographic kids.  Record 2-3 pieces of information from each of the sections.  In step 4 you will be making a quiz so look for good info to include in a quiz.

• Earth Underwater
• Climate Control
• Ocean or Sea?
• Ocean Life

• Watery Habitats

4. Use the information from this article to write a 10 question quiz on your recording page. Include multiple choice, true and false, and open ended responses. Make a key to go with your quiz.

5. Take this ocean and sea quiz one time. Record your score.

6.  Take the same ocean and sea quiz a second time. Record your score.

7. Share your social studies mini spark recording page with your teacher/EY coordinator.

The Mediterranean Sea is the largest enclosed sea in the world, connected to the Atlantic Ocean only through the  Strait of Gibraltar.  Learn more about this area of the world in the Social Studies mini spark.

Spark your thinking!

1. Set up your social studies spark recording page: #22: the Mediterranean Sea 

2. Watch this short video. Record 5-8 facts about the sea on your recording sheet.

3.  Set your timer for 3 minutes. Study this map of the Mediterranean Sea.  When the timer goes off, record all of the countries that you can remember that border the Sea.

4. The Mediterranean Sea has a number of major internationally recognized seas within it’s vast area.

• Open the World Atlas and find the map of the Mediterranean Sea.
• Set a timer for 5 minutes.
• Study the map closely and focus on the names of the smaller seas.
• When the timer goes off, write down the names of 6 seas on your recording sheet.
• Scroll to the bottom of this post to verify that you have recorded all the names correctly.

5. Look at this info and study the map of the Strait of Gibraltar at World Atlas. Record the cities that are on the border and also the territories on either side of the strait.

6. Optional: Memorize how to spell Mediterranean!!! Whisper spell it 10 times. Air write it 5 times and write it on your recording page 3 time from memory.

7. Share your social studies mini spark recording page and visual with your teacher/EY coordinator.

Seas within the Mediterranean Sea

• Balearic Sea
• Tyrrhenian Sea
• Sea of Sicily
• Libyan Sea
• Aegean Sea
• Cilician Sea